Additional Resources for Mountain Pine Beetles
Publications
The CSFS offers guides and educational materials about mountain pine beetles.
Mountain Pine Beetle (Fact Sheet 5.528) (10.7 MB PDF)
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
About mountain pine beetles
What is the mountain pine beetle?
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a native bark beetle that attacks pine trees, especially ponderosa, lodgepole, limber and occasionally bristlecone pine. This beetle plays a natural role in forest ecosystems, clearing out diseased, stressed and dying trees and serving as a sanitizer of the forest. However, mountain pine beetles can cause widespread death of trees when their populations explode due to drought stress, dense stands and warmer winters and reach epidemic levels.
Mountain pine beetle is one of many species of bark beetles in Colorado. Other species in Colorado include pine engraver beetle, fir engraver beetle, spruce beetle, Douglas-fir beetle, roundheaded pine beetle and numerous others. Most species are host-specific, meaning each species typically attacks certain kinds of trees.
How does the mountain pine beetle kill trees?
Adult beetles bore through the bark to lay their eggs in the phloem, the layer between the bark and wood that moves water and nutrients through the tree. When the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the inner bark and create tunnels that cut off this flow. The beetles also introduce blue-stain fungi, which spread through the tree and further block the movement of water and nutrients. Most trees die within a year of being successfully attacked.
What is the mountain pine beetle’s life cycle?
The mountain pine beetle has a one-year life cycle:
- Summer (July – mid-September): Adults emerge and infest new trees.
- Fall and early winter (September – December): Eggs hatch and larvae partially develop under the bark.
- Late winter and spring (January – June): Larvae complete their development, and they pupate in late May through June.
- Summer (July – mid-September): New adults emerge to seek green trees to begin the cycle again.
When do mountain pine beetles attack trees?
Throughout Colorado, timing may vary slightly, but in general, adults emerge and fly from July through mid-September, seeking new host trees. A tiny number of adults may survive the winter and emerge in early spring, but this early emergence doesn’t contribute to a significant number of tree deaths.
How do cold temperatures affect mountain pine beetle survival?
Larvae can survive temperatures as low as -31°F by producing antifreeze compounds, known as glycols. However, cold snaps that exceed this threshold can kill the larvae and reduce the severity of outbreaks. The vulnerable periods for larvae occur in the fall and spring, when the glycols (antifreeze within the larvae) haven’t fully developed late in the fall or are broken down or synthesized for energy in the spring.
About management options
What tree species do mountain pine beetles attack?
Both 2-3 needle pines and 5-needle pines are susceptible to attack from mountain pine beetles, except for piñon pine which is not considered a host. Mountain pine beetles predominantly infest ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), lodgepole pine (P. contorta) and limber pine (P. flexilis). All pines found in Colorado except for piñon pine (P. edulis) are susceptible to attack when populations of mountain pine beetles are high, including Scots pine (P. sylvestris), bristlecone pine (P. longaeva) and ornamental pines. Mountain pine beetles attack pine trees in both backcountry and urban areas.
How can I tell if my trees are infested with mountain pine beetles?
Regularly inspect trees for early signs of mountain pine beetle infestation, such as pitch tubes, boring dust or fading crowns, particularly in the fall (after mid-September) after adult beetles are no longer flying to new host trees for the year. More signs and symptoms of mountain pine beetle infestation, including photos, are available higher up on this webpage.
Can infested trees be saved?
Once a tree is infested with mountain pine beetles, it cannot be saved. The focus should shift to preventing beetles from spreading to nearby healthy trees by removing the infested trees through chipping, burning, debarking or burying them before July when adult beetles start to emerge from infested trees and fly to new host trees.
How should I safely dispose of infested wood?
Cut and dispose of infested trees before adult mountain pine beetles emerge and fly to new host trees, which typically occurs from July through mid-September. It is critical to do this far enough in advance of the adult beetles’ flight season to ensure these activities will effectively prevent the spread of mountain pine beetles to new host trees.
Proper disposal methods for infested wood include the following:
- Chip infested material to destroy beetle larvae under the bark.
- Debark infested wood to remove the protective layer where larvae live.
- Apply solar treatments to infested material by covering cut logs with clear plastic for four to six weeks during hot months, which kills the larvae.
- Burn infested material where it is safe and permitted by local regulations.
If landowners are unable to properly dispose of infested wood and other materials on-site using these methods, they should contact their local transfer station or landfill to dispose of it, or search online for local wood drop-off locations or businesses that may utilize the material. Landowners should not move infested wood unless they intend to drop it off at a secure location as it could spread the beetles.
Can I use infested wood once it is treated?
Once larvae in infested material have been killed through chipping, solar treatment or drying, or adult beetles have emerged and the material is no longer infested, the wood can be used for firewood, lumber or mulch. While wood that is treated, dried and checked may be safe to move, it is extremely difficult to ensure all beetle larvae and eggs have been killed. Residents should not move treated material unless they are absolutely certain the wood is no longer infested to avoid spreading the beetles.
In Colorado, mountain pine beetles typically emerge in July through mid-September; however, secondary wood-infesting beetles have multiple adult flight periods. Identifying beetle species within wood is critical to prevent the inadvertent movement of insects.
Don’t Move Firewood offers further guidance on how to use wood while preventing the spread of pests.
How can I prevent mountain pine beetles from attacking my trees?
Landowners who have identified pine trees on their property can take several actions to prevent mountain pine beetles from infesting their trees:
- Thin dense stands to improve tree vigor and reduce beetle spread.
- Remove and dispose of infested trees before adult beetles emerge and fly to new host trees starting in July. Get rid of these trees by chipping, burning, debarking or burying the infested material.
- Apply preventive semiochemicals (products containing verbenone) on high-value trees before adult beetles fly to new host trees.
- Apply preventive insecticides, such as carbaryl, permethrin or bifenthrin, on high-value trees before adult beetles fly to new host trees.
- When planting trees or reforesting an area, plant a variety of tree species to increase diversity, so no one insect can infest all or most trees.
What are semiochemical products, and do they work against mountain pine beetles?
Semiochemical products containing verbenone are synthetic versions of the natural chemical signals that bark beetles use to communicate. In nature, verbenone signals to other bark beetles that a tree is already infested with beetles, making it an unsuitable host. When applied to trees, these products can help discourage new attacks by mimicking that natural “no vacancy” signal.
Verbenone can be effective when beetle populations are low or when used as part of an integrated management strategy. However, as beetle populations increase and attacks become widespread, the effectiveness of verbenone declines. In those situations, preventive insecticide sprays may be a more reliable option for protecting high-value trees.
Can preventive insecticides protect trees from mountain pine beetles?
Preventive insecticides can protect individual trees from mountain pine beetle attack when applied before adult beetles fly to new host trees starting in July. This treatment option is typically used to protect high-value trees around homes and viewsheds, not large forest areas. It is not feasible or responsible to apply these pesticides across an entire property or landscape.
Effective active ingredients for preventive insecticides include carbaryl, permethrin and bifenthrin. Applications must completely cover the bark surface up to where the trunk tapers to less than 4 inches in diameter. Multiple applications may be necessary during the summer to be effective against particular beetle species.
Landowners should consult a licensed pesticide applicator or arborist before using any chemical treatment and follow all product labels and Colorado Department of Agriculture regulations. They should contact the CDA for names of local pesticide applicators that are currently licensed through their office.
Can tree injections protect trees from mountain pine beetles?
Tree injections are sometimes used to protect individual, high-value trees from attack by bark beetles such as mountain pine beetles, but their effectiveness is limited. Injectable insecticides deliver the chemical directly into the tree’s vascular system, providing internal protection rather than surface protection, such as what would be provided through a preventive insecticide spray.
Currently, tree injection products are inconsistently effective against preventing attack by mountain pine beetles or other aggressive bark beetles in Colorado’s forests. Because bark beetles attack quickly and in large numbers, injected trees often cannot move the chemical throughout their phloem fast enough to stop an infestation. Preventive surface sprays applied before the adult beetles fly to new host trees starting in July remain the most reliable chemical option to protect trees from attack.
Landowners should consult a licensed pesticide applicator or arborist before using any chemical treatment and follow all product labels and Colorado Department of Agriculture regulations. They should contact the CDA for names of local pesticide applicators that are currently licensed through their office.
CSFS Northeast Area mountain pine beetle contractor list
We encourage residents to review the common questions to ask when hiring a consultant.
For licensed pesticide applicators, residents can visit Colorado Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Applicator Search.
| CONTRACTOR/OWNER | ADDRESS/PHONE | EMAIL/WEBSITE | COUNTIES | SERVICES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ace Tree Care Services Griff Gehring | PO Box 260003 Littleton, CO 80162 720-556-4922 | [email protected] | Boulder Clear Creek Douglas Gilpin Jefferson Larimer | Wildfire mitigation Tree removal Pruning MPB treatment Plant health care programs |
| Adapt Forestry Natural Resource Management Consulting Andy Perri | 14377 W Ellsworth Pl Golden, CO 80401 303-718-1120 | [email protected] https://col.st/ntcxa | Boulder Clear Creek Douglas Jefferson Larimer | MPB consultation and mitigation Fire mitigation Structure assessment and defensible space Forest management planning Ecological restoration |
| All Things Vertical LLC Nathan Hankins | Conifer, CO 720-230-6831 | [email protected] allthingsvertical.com | Jefferson | Debark Chip onsite Masticate Haul offsite |
| ArborForce Joe Cordova | 201 E Mississippi Ave Denver, CO 80210 303-949-6818 720-645-4946 | [email protected] www.arborcaretreesolutions.com | Jefferson | Tree cutting Tree limbing Slash removal/haul Chipping |
| ArborForce Joe Cordova | 4433 S. Santa Fe Drive Englewood, CO 80110 303-472-0192 | [email protected] www.arborforce.net | Douglas Jefferson | Thinning, removal Chipper Defensible space Mastication |
| Arborist Prime LLC James Weller | 1900 Youngfield St Lakewood, CO 80215 720-229-4398 | [email protected] www.arboristprimellc.com | Jefferson | Debark Chip onsite Masticate Haul offsite |
| Aurora Forestry Consultants LLC Ryan Hauser | 619 S Maint Street Elizabeth, CO 80107 734-249-4531 | [email protected] www.auroraforestry.com | Adams Arapahoe Douglas Jefferson | Tree service Fire mitigation Forest management plans Consulting Landscape management |
| Bartlett Tree Experts- Boulder | 5000 28th St Boulder, CO 80301 303-565-6541 | [email protected] https://col.st/n1ubo | Boulder Broomfield | Plant health care diagnostics and treatments Consulting Tree/shrub pruning & removals Stump grinding |
| Bartlett Tree Experts- Fort Collins | 6556 Buttercup Drive Unit 1 Wellington, CO 80549 970-568-9695 | [email protected] https://www.bartlett.com/locations/fort-collins-co | Larimer | Plant health care diagnostics and treatments Consulting Tree/shrub pruning & removals Stump grinding |
| Blue Sky Fire Mitigation Billy Meehl | 10853 US Hwy 285 #1015 Conifer, CO 80433 720-385-9577 | [email protected] www.blueskyfiremitigation.com | Tree cutting Tree limbing Slash removal/haul Chipping |
|
| Blue River Tree Care Brandy Brown | PO Box 18744 Boulder, CO 80306 720-256-9056 | [email protected] www.bluerivertreecare.com | Boulder | Trimming Pruning Removal Stump removal/grinding |
| Boulder Tree Services Eric Bader | Boulder Tree Services 2525 Arapahoe Ave Suit E4-228 Boulder, CO 80302 303-444-8420 | [email protected] https://bouldertreeservice.com/ | Boulder | Pine Beetle Mitigation Tree removal Hazard tree removal/ mitigation Tree pruning |
| BTP Enterprise LLC Brett Pulley | Pine, CO 720-357-2823 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Bullard Tree and Garden Forrest Bullard | 2067 S. Hover Street Unit E #205 Longmont, CO 970-880-0132 | [email protected] www.bullardtreecare.com | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Canopy Tree Service Jenny | PO Box 343 Larkspur, CO 80118 720-353-8650 | [email protected] www.canopytreecolorado.com | Arapahoe Douglas Jefferson | Fire mitigation assessment Technical tree and shrub removal/ trimming Mastication services Tree Health Assessments |
| Chicks Got WOOD Sharyse Bush | 15253 S Elk Creek Rd Pine, CO 80470 303-317-7575 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Haul offsite |
| Clear Creek Fire Mitigation Trevor Fontaine | 3719 Evergreen Pkwy Evergreen, CO 80439 303-578-8114 | [email protected] clearcreekfiremitigation.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Masticate Haul offsite |
| Colorado Premier Tree Care Kelly Robinson | 1048 S Patton Ct Denver, CO 80219 970-623-2226 | [email protected] www.coloradopremiertreecare.org | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Colorado Tree Specialists Ryan Vas Nunes | 709 Bendemeer Dr Evergreen, CO 80439 303-835-7540 970-406-1505 | [email protected] [email protected] https://cotreespecialists.com/ | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Conifer Fire Mitigation LLC Todd Dennison | Conifer, CO 303-717-6613 | [email protected] coniferfiremitigation.com | Jefferson | Hazard tree removal Fire mitigation Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Consortium Forest Management Connor Rodden | 5646 County Road 146 Elizabeth, CO 80107 720-579-3427 | [email protected] | Douglas | Identifying MPB effected trees Safe removal and proper disposal/ sequestrian of material |
| Custom Design Fabricators John Becket | 127 Star View Dr Livermore, CO 80536 970-219-1546 | Larimer | General tree cutting Logging/salvage Chipping/ slash removal Defensible space MPB diagnosis and removal Sawmills/ wood processing |
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| Deer Creek Forestry Wen Gomez Easton Eisele | 3561 Hidden Valley Rd Sedalia, CO 80135 720-940-1036 | [email protected] https://www.deercreekforestry.com/ | Statewide | Large acreage projects Thinning/ removal Logging Chipping Defensible space Sawmill, wood processing Mastication |
| Earth & Iron LLC Hank Williquette | Nunn, CO 970-222-7046 | [email protected] www.earthandironllc.com | Larimer Weld | Removal of beetle-killed or infested trees Thinning to reduce spread and improve forest health Slash and debris cleanup |
| Elevated Mitigation Steve Barbour | PO Box 898 Morrison, CO 800465 720-435-4701 | [email protected] www.emctree.com | Jefferson | Fuels reduction Hazard tree work Climbing Chipping Active beetle removal |
| Elk Mountain Tree Services Steve Neis | 23048 Isoleta Rd Indian Hills, CO 80454 720-722-0699 | [email protected] www.elkmountaintreeservices.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite Trimming Multi acre mitigation projects |
| Eric's Custom Tree Service Eric Goslovich | 7202 Frying Pan Dr Frederick, CO 80530 218-355-8305 | [email protected] | Boulder Clear Creek Gilpin Jefferson Larimer | General tree cutting and pruning for wildfire mitigation Forest management and defensible space Chipping and slash removal |
| FirePoint Forestry Scott Moore | Denver, CO 720-361-5541 | [email protected] www.firepointforestry.com | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Firewood to Logging Dana Roe | 733 Gold Flake Terrace PO Box 38 Bailey, CO 80421 303-838-7377 | [email protected] https://firewoodtologging.com/ | Jefferson | Mountain Pine Beetle treatment Firewood sales |
| Foothills Tree Care LLC Hamilton Jones | 1496 West 29th Place Golden, CO 80401 720-377-6200 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Tree cutting Tree limbing Slash removal/haul Chipping |
| Forestree Development LLC Keith Worley | 7377 Osage Road Larkspur, CO 80118 720-530-6527 | [email protected] | Douglas | Forester Consulting arborist Wildfire mitigation specialist Land development consultant |
| Forestwerx Timberline Sawyers LLC Kyle Kociemba-Benson | 30317 Lewis Ridge Rd Evergreen, CO 80439 303-717-0090 | [email protected] www.forestwerx.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Debark Chip onsite Haul offsite Mastication Mechanical and hand treatment |
| Four Double U Enterprises LLC William Waibel | 303-590-8181 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Debark Chip onsite Haul offsite Mastication |
| Front Range Arborists Greg Shields | 5080 Geiger Boulevard Colorado Springs, CO 80915 719-635-7459 719-747-1968 | [email protected] https://frarborists.com/ | Douglas | Tree trimming Removal Stump grinding Shrubs Fire mitigation Tree plant healthcare |
| Good People Tree Service Anjaneya Sardonicus | 196 Quartz Rd Black Hawk, CO 80422 303-847-5221 | [email protected] www.goodpeopletreeservice.com | Adams Boulder Broomfield Clear Creek Gilpin Jefferson Larimer | General tree cutting Logging/mastication/ salvage Chipping slash removal Defensible space |
| Handyman Solutions (Avalon Solutions) Docia Boylen | 303-968-1112 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Solarization treatment |
| Hemlock Consulting Co Luke Hiotis | 137 Elm St Leadville, CO 80461 603-340-4534 | [email protected] www.hemlockconsultingco.com | Statewide | Wildfire mitigation Defensible space Hazardous tree removal Mastication Pruning Forest management plan writing |
| High Prairie Tree Colten Hardy | 11127 Hilltop Rd Parker, CO 80134 303-476-8686 303-549-2843 | [email protected] [email protected] https://highprairietree.co/ | Arapahoe Douglas | Diagnosis and detection Damaged/diseased tree removal/ chipping/ mastication Deep root feeding/ watering Beetle and forest management plans |
| Hollar Tree Logan Hollar | 2535 Columbine Circle Lafayette, CO 80026 720-446-9832 | [email protected] [email protected] https://www.hollartree.com | Boulder Gilpin Larimer | General tree cutting Logging/ mastication/ salvage Chipping slash removal |
| J&J Fire Mitigation LLC John Lanza | 1315 Bear Mountain Drive Apt C Boulder, CO 80305 720-804-9080 | [email protected] www.jjfiremitigation.com | Boulder Clear Creek Douglas Gilpin Jefferson Larimer | Fire mitigation Defensible space Woodchipping/ slash removal Wind blown/downed tree removal |
| LAM Tree Service Ryan Reed | PO Box 2486 Evergreen, CO 80437 303-674-8733 | [email protected] www.lamtree.com | Clear Creek Jefferson | Chipping Debarking Solarization treatment Off site hauling Fire mitigation Defensible space Close structure/ hazardous removal |
| Lavenberg Land Management Will Lavenberg | 7107 S Lafayette Way Centennial, CO 80122 303-945-1949 | [email protected] www.lavenberg-landmanagement.com | Boulder Clear Creek Douglas Gilpin Jefferson | Thinning/ removal Logging Chipper Defensible space Mastication |
| Lee's Trees LLC Lee Redlingshafer | 913-808-6561 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Mastication Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Lisscojan Acres/ Forestry LLC Scott Halladay | 31491 Shadow Mountain Dr Conifer, CO 80433 303-378-1678 | [email protected] lisscojanforestry.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Masticate Haul offsite Masticator Short logger truck |
| Little Leaf Tree Science LLC John Sepulveda | 2669 S Moore Dr Apt 101 Lakewood, CO 80227 720-550-3246 | [email protected] littleleaftreescience.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite Mastication |
| Mammoth Mitigation Ben Prentner | PO Box 353 Pine, CO 80470 720-272-2104 | [email protected] [email protected] https://mammothmitigation.com/ | Jefferson | Chip, haul, wrap infected tree Climb and masticate trees |
| Markit! Forestry Management LLC Shaina Miller | 910 Pinon Ranch View Suite 101 Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-355-9834 | [email protected] http://www.markitforestry.com | Statewide | Large acreage projects Logging Helicopter logging Mastication, mulching Hazard tree mitigation Hand cut and pile/scatter Material reduction/ chipping |
| McGarva Tree Inc Kyle Barker | PO Box 1263 Conifer, CO 80433 303-838-4202 | [email protected] www.mcgarvatree.com | Jefferson | Tree cutting Tree limbing Slash removal/haul Chipping |
| Old Growth Tree Service Todd Rader | 248 Spring Creek Cir Gypsum, CO 81637 970-904-9672 | [email protected] oldgrowth-tree.com | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite Masticate |
| Perfection to a Tree LLC Shawn Black | PO Box 62206 Littleton, CO 80162 720-563-7425 | [email protected] | Clear Creek Douglas Jefferson | Thinning/ removal Logging Chipper Defensible space Sawmill/ wood processing Mastication |
| Rocky Mountain Firewise by Ponto David Poniatowski | 303-944-6663 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Haul offsite |
| Rolling River Tree Service Jeremy Lievers | 618-954-9330 | Jefferson | Chip onsite Slash |
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| Root Tree Service Lindsay Carey | Centennial, CO 720-369-2963 | [email protected] www.roottreeservice.com | Jefferson | Chip onsite Haul offsite Masticate |
| RR Tree Company Richard Hughes | PO Box 6 Evergreen, CO 80439 303-670-7335 520-980-0588 | [email protected] www.rrtreeco.com | Clear Creek Gilpin Jefferson | Hazard tree removal Firewood Chipping services Stump grinding Planting Bracing Fire mitigation Lot clearing |
| SavATree Craig Little | 303-232-0666 | [email protected] www.savatree.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Masticate Haul offsite |
| Shady Tree Services | 1348 E. Oxen Rd Parker, CO 80138 303-805-8487 | [email protected] www.myshadytree.com | Arapahoe Douglas | Insect and disease management Pine beetle control Shrub care Tree trimming & removal Stump grinding On site consultation Winter water |
| Silhouette Farm and Forestry Dinah Walker | PO Box 4058 Medford, OR 97501 541-535-2626 | [email protected] | Statewide | |
| Skip's Saw and Skid LLC Aaron, Sierra, and Skip | 3638 Riverside Dr Lyons, CO 80540 720-600-9164 | [email protected] | Boulder Clear Creek Gilpin Larimer | Wildfire mitigation Dirt and gravel work Dump trailer hauling Firewood delivery |
| Splintered Forest Kara | 59 W Floyd Ave #208 Englewood, CO 80110 303-819-9840 | [email protected] www.splinteredforest.com | Clear County Jefferson | |
| Summit Land Solutions Troy Schuller | Summit Land Solutions 275352 CO Hwy 103 Evergree, CO 80439 720-660-1813 | [email protected] www.summitlandsolutions.com | Boulder Clear Creek Douglas Gilpin Jefferson Larimer | Tree cutters Climbers Heavy equipment 360 grapples, grapple buckets, winches, brush cutters, masticators, large commercial dump trailers |
| Tarzan Tree Care LLC Joshua Denton | 720-999-9527 | [email protected] tarzantreecarellc.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite Mastication |
| Tree Beavers Professional Tree Service Carla Finn | 4045 Park Ridge Rd Sedalia, CO 80135 719-330-9257 | [email protected] www.treebeavers.com | Arapahoe Clear Creek Douglas Jefferson | Thinning/ removal Logging Chipper Defensible space Sawmill/ wood processing Mastication |
| Tree Guys LLC Nate Freeman | 720-498-9527 | [email protected] | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Chip onsite Haul offsite |
| Western Land Management Steve Tukua | PO Box 2342 Grand Lake, CO 80447 303-638-1249 | [email protected] | Clear Creek Douglas Jefferson | Fire mitigation Mastication Logging Firewood processing onsite |
| Woods Beetle Kill & Forestry LLC Kyle Woods | Evergreen, CO 309-830-1722 | [email protected] www.woodsbeetlekill.com | Jefferson | Solarization treatment Haul offsite Debark Masticate Chip onsite |
Common questions to ask when hiring a consultant:
- What are your professional qualifications? (education, work experience, forest management plan writing experience, number of forest management plans written, member of any professional organizations, etc.)
- Do you have a current list of landowner references/referrals? This list should be from landowners worked with in the past two years and should contain the landowner’s current information so you can contact the landowner directly.
- Can you provide a current example of an approved forest management plan that meets the CSFS guidelines for Forest Stewardship plans, Forest Agriculture Program requirements, American Tree Farm System requirements, and/or local county land use planning requirements?
- What are your current prices and do you give estimates?
- Are you licensed and insured? How much insurance do you carry?